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Routing - Injecting cementations material into a soil mass tends to reduce permeability, cause swelling and may increase strength.

Grouting is a technique whereby a slow flowing water/sand/cement mix is injected under pressure. Grouting is a good option if the foundation of an existing building requires improvement, sine it is possible to inject the grout from the side or at an inclined angle.

Soil Nailing - The fundamental concept of soil nailing consists of reinforcing the ground by passive inclusions, closely spaced, to create in-situ a coherent gravity structure and thereby to increase the overall shear strength of the in-situ soil and restrain its displacements.

In soil nailing, similarly to ground anchors, the load transfer mechanism and the ultimate pull-out resistance of the nails depende primarily upon soil type and strength characteristics, installation technique, drilling method size and shape of the drilled hole, as well as grouting method and pressure used. Applications are as follows: Stabilization of railroad and highway cut slopes; Excavation retaining structures in urban areas for high rise building and underground facilities; and, Tunnel portals in steep and unstable stratified slopes

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

Soil Exploration - Standard Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils: Thin walled tube sampling; Diamond Core Drilling; Auger Boring; AND, Cone Penetration Test.



BEARING TEST OF SOILS IN-PLACE

Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load on Spread Footings includes Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for use in evaluation and design of airport and highway pavements; AND, Menard Pressuremeter.



CONSTRUCTION CONTROL TESTS

Density and unit weight of soil in-place by Sand-Cone Method involves: Bearing Ratio of Laboratory; Determination of water (moisture content) of soil by the direct heating method; and, Determination of water (moisture) content of soil by the Microwave Oven Method



GEOPHYSICAL TESTS

Seismic Refraction Survey that includes: Ground Penetrating Radar Survey; Georesistivity Survey; Cross Hole Seismic; and, Micro tremor.



PILE TEST

Piles Under Static Axial Compressive Load will involve: High Strain Dynamic Testing of Pile Dynamic Analyzer (PDA); Low Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles using Pile Integrity Tester (PTI); Static Load Test on Piles; and, Sonic Logging on Bored Piles.